There are old lists floating around, mostly of the absurd EO's signed by Kennedy that would have made the USSR look positively refreshing were they ever enforced.
Clinton has proclaimed or renewed a number of "national emergencies" that continue in force, but nobody seems to mind. If you're interested, here's some hints to get you started. Updates are welcome.
Serbia and Montenegro
From Clinton to Congress, December 3, 1998:
Iran
From Clinton to Congress, September 16, 1998:
Just to clarify, yes there are (at least) two states of emegency
due to Iran:
From Clinton to Congress, November 9, 1998:
Iraq
From Clinton Notice, July 28, 1998:
Libya
From Clinton Notice, December 30, 1998:
Middle East Terrorism
Clinton Notice, January 21, 1998:
Cuba
Clinton Proclamation, February 25, 1998:
Naroctics Traffickers
Clinton to Congress, October 19, 1998:
Burma
Clinton Notice, May 18, 1998:
UNITA (Angolan faction)
Clinton to Congress, September 23, 1998:
Sudan
Clinton Notice, October 27, 1998:
Export Laws
Clinton Notice, August 13, 1998:
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Clinton to Congress, November 12, 1998:
On May 30, 1992, by Executive Order 12808, President Bush declared a
national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to
the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Governments of Serbia and
Montenegro, blocking all property and interests in property of those
Governments. President Bush took additional measures to prohibit trade
and other transactions with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia
and Montenegro) by Executive Orders 12810 and 12831, issued on June 5,
1992, and January 15, 1993, respectively.
On April 25, 1993, I issued Executive Order 12846, blocking the
property and interests in property of all commercial, industrial, or
public utility undertakings or entities organized or located in the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) (the ``FRY
(S&M)''), and prohibiting trade-related transactions by United States
persons involving those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
controlled by the Bosnian Serb forces and the United Nations Protected
Areas in the Republic of Croatia. On October 25, 1994, because of the
actions and policies of the Bosnian Serbs, I expanded the scope of the
national emergency by issuance of Executive Order 12934 to block the
property of the Bosnian Serb forces and the authorities in the territory
that they controlled within the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as
well as the property of any entity organized or located in, or
controlled by any person in, or resident in, those areas.
I hereby report to the Congress on developments concerning the
national emergency with respect to Iran that was declared in Executive
Order 12957 of March 15, 1995, and matters relating to the measures in
that order and in Executive Order 12959 of May 6, 1995, and in Executive
Order 13059 of August 19, 1997. This report is submitted pursuant to
section 204(c) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50
U.S.C. 1703(c) (IEEPA), section 401(c) of the National Emergencies Act,
50 U.S.C. 1641(c), and section 505(c) of the International Security and
Development Cooperation Act of 1985, 22 U.S.C. 2349aa-9(c). This report
discusses only matters concerning the national emergency with respect to
Iran that was declared in Executive Order 12957 and does not deal with
those relating to the emergency declared on November 14, 1979, in
connection with the hostage crisis.
1. On March 15, 1995, I issued Executive Order 12957 (60 Fed. Reg.
14615, March 17, 1995) to declare a national emergency with respect to
Iran pursuant to IEEPA, and to prohibit the financing, management, or
supervision by United States persons of the development of Iranian
petroleum resources. This action was in response to actions and policies
of the Government of Iran, including support for international
terrorism, efforts to undermine the Middle East peace process, and the
acquisition of weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver
them. A copy of the Order was provided to the Speaker of the House and
the President of the Senate by letter dated March 15, 1995.
...
On August 19, 1997, I issued Executive Order 13059 in order to
clarify the steps taken in Executive Order 12957 and Executive Order
12959, to confirm that the embargo on Iran prohibits all trade and
investment activities by United States persons, wherever located, and to
consolidate in one order the various prohibitions previously imposed to
deal with the national emergency declared on March 15, 1995. A copy of
the Order was transmitted to the Speaker of the House and the President
of the Senate by letter dated August 19, 1997.
...
The declaration of national emergency made by Executive Order 12957,
and renewed each year since, remains in effect and is not affected by
the Order.
Section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d))
provides for the automatic termination of a national emergency unless,
prior to the anniversary date of its declaration, the President
publishes in the Federal Register and transmits to the Congress a notice
stating that the emergency is to continue in effect beyond the
anniversary date. In accordance with this provision, I have sent the
enclosed notice, stating that the Iran emergency declared in 1979 is to
continue in effect beyond November 14, 1998, to the Federal Register for
publication. Similar notices have been sent annually to the Congress and
the Federal Register since November 12, 1980. The most recent notice
appeared in the Federal Register on October 1, 1997. This emergency is
separate from that declared with respect to Iran on March 15, 1995, in
Executive Order 12957.
On August 2, 1990, by Executive Order 12722, President Bush declared
a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat
to the national security and foreign policy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Government of Iraq. By
Executive Orders 12722 of August 2, 1990, and 12724 of August 9, 1990,
the President imposed trade sanctions on Iraq and blocked Iraqi
government assets. Because the Government of Iraq has continued its
activities hostile to United States interests in the Middle East, the
national emergency declared on August 2, 1990, and the measures adopted
on August 2 and August 9, 1990, to deal with that emergency must
continue in effect beyond August 2, 1998.
On January 7, 1986, by Executive Order 12543, President Reagan
declared a national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary
threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States
constituted by the actions and policies of the Government of Libya. On
January 8, 1986, by Executive Order 12544, the President took additional
measures to block Libyan assets in the United States. Every President
has transmitted to the Congress and the Federal Register a notice
continuing this emergency each year since 1986.
The crisis between the United States and Libya that led to the
declaration of a national emergency on January 7, 1986, has not been
resolved. The Government of Libya has continued its actions and policies
in support of terrorism, despite the calls by the United Nations
Security Council, in Resolutions 731 (1992), 748 (1992), and 883 (1993),
that it demonstrate by concrete actions its renunciation of terrorism.
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with
respect to Libya.
On January 23, 1995, by Executive Order 12947, I declared a national
emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States
constituted by grave acts of violence committed by foreign terrorists
that disrupt the Middle East peace process. By Executive Order 12947 of
January 23, 1995, I blocked the assets in the United States, or in the
control of United States persons, of foreign terrorists who threaten to
disrupt the Middle East peace process. I also prohibited transactions or
dealings by United States persons in such property. In 1996 and 1997, I
transmitted notices of the continuation of this national emergency to
the Congress and the Federal Register. Last year's notice of
continuation was published in the Federal Register on January 22, 1997.
Because terrorist activities continue to threaten the Middle East peace
process and vital interests of the United States in the Middle East, the
national emergency declared on January 23, 1995, and the measures that
took effect on January 24, 1995, to deal with that emergency must
continue in effect beyond January 23, 1998.
On March 1, 1996, by Proclamation 6867, I declared a national
emergency to address the disturbance or threatened disturbance of
international relations caused by the February 24, 1996, destruction by
the Government of Cuba of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft
in international airspace north of Cuba. In July 1995, the Government of
Cuba demonstrated a ready and reckless use of force against U.S.-
registered vessels that entered into Cuban territorial waters that
resulted in damage and injury to persons on board. In July 1996, the
Government of Cuba stated its intent to forcefully defend its
sovereignty against any U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft that might
enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace while involved in a memorial
flotilla and peaceful protest. Since these events, the Government of
Cuba has not demonstrated that it will refrain from the future use of
reckless and excessive force against U.S. vessels or aircraft that may
engage in memorial activities or peaceful protest north of Cuba.
Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with
respect to Cuba and the emergency authority relating to the regulation
of the anchorage and movement of vessels set out in Proclamation 6867.
Section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d))
provides for the automatic termination of a national emergency unless,
prior to the anniversary date of its declaration, the President
publishes in the Federal Register and transmits to the Congress a notice
stating that the emergency is to continue in effect beyond the
anniversary date. In accordance with this provision, I have sent the
enclosed notice to the Federal Register for publication, stating that
the emergency declared with respect to significant narcotics traffickers
centered in Colombia is to continue in effect for 1 year beyond October
21, 1998.
The circumstances that led to the declaration on October 21, 1995,
of a national emergency have not been resolved. The actions of
significant narcotics traffickers centered in Colombia continue to pose
an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign
policy, and economy of the United States and to cause unparalleled
violence, corruption, and harm in the United States and abroad. For
these reasons, I have determined that it is necessary to maintain in
force the broad authorities necessary to maintain economic pressure on
significant narcotics traffickers centered in Colombia by blocking their
property subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and by
depriving them of access to the United States market and financial
system.
On May 20, 1997, I issued Executive Order 13047, effective at 12:01
a.m. eastern daylight time on May 21, 1997, certifying to the Congress
under section 570(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (Public Law 104-208), that the
Government of Burma has committed large-scale repres-sion of the
democratic opposition in Burma after September 30, 1996, thereby
invoking the prohibition on new investment in Burma by United States
persons, contained in that section. I also declared a national emergency
to deal with the threat posed to the national security and foreign
policy of the United States by the actions and policies of the
Government of Burma, invoking the authority, inter alia, of the
International emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701-1706).
The national emergency declared on May 20, 1997, must continue
beyond May 20, 1998, as long as the Government of Burma continues its
policies of committing large-scale repression of the democratic
opposition in Burma.
On September 26, 1993, by Executive Order 12865, I declared a
national emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to
the foreign policy of the United States constituted by the actions and
policies of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
(``UNITA''), prohibiting the sale or supply by United States persons or
from the United States, or using U.S. registered vessels or aircraft, of
arms, related materiel of all types, petroleum, and petroleum products
to the territory of Angola, other than through designated points of
entry. The order also prohibits the sale or supply of such commodities
to UNITA. On December 12, 1997, in order to take additional steps with
respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 12865, I
issued Executive Order 13069, closing all UNITA offices in the United
States and imposing additional sanctions with regard to the sale or
supply of aircraft or aircraft parts, the granting of take-off, landing
and overflight permission, and the provision of certain aircraft-related
services. Most recently, on August 19, 1998, in order to take further
steps with respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order
12865, I issued Executive Order 13098, blocking all property and
interests in property of UNITA and designated UNITA officials and adult
members of their immediate families, prohibiting the importation of
certain diamonds exported from Angola, and imposing additional sanctions
with regard to the sale or supply of equipment used in mining, motorized
vehicles, watercraft, spare parts for motorized vehicles or watercraft,
mining services, and ground or waterborne transportation services.
Because of our continuing international obligations and because of
the prejudicial effect that discontinuation of the sanctions would have
on the Angolan peace process, the national emergency declared on
September 26, 1993, and the measures adopted pursuant thereto to deal
with that emergency, must continue in effect beyond September 26, 1998.
On November 3, 1997, by Executive Order 13067, I declared a national
emergency to deal with the unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security and foreign policy of the United States constituted by
the actions and policies of the Government of Sudan. By Executive Order
13067, I imposed trade sanctions on Sudan and blocked Sudanese
government assets. Because the Government of Sudan has continued its
activities hostile to United States interests, the national emergency
declared on November 3, 1997, and the measures adopted on that date to
deal with that emergency must continue in effect beyond November 3,
1998. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National
Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national
emergency for 1 year with respect to Sudan.
On August 19, 1994, consistent with the authority provided me under
the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et
seq.), I issued Executive Order 12924. In that order, I declared a
national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat
to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United
States in light of the expiration of the Export Administration Act of
1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.). Because the Export
Administration Act has not been renewed by the Congress, the national
emergency declared on August 19, 1994, must continue in effect beyond
August 19, 1998. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the
national emergency declared in Executive Order 12924.
On November 14, 1994, in light of the dangers of the proliferation
of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons (``weapons of mass
destruction''--WMD) and of the means of delivering such weapons, I
issued Executive Order 12938, and declared a national emergency under
the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et
seq.). Under section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C.
1622(d)), the national emergency terminates on the anniversary date of
its declaration, unless I publish in the Federal Register and transmit
to the Congress a notice of its continuation.
The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of
delivery continues to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States.
Indeed, on July 28, 1998, I issued Executive Order 13094 to strengthen
Executive Order 12938 by, inter alia, broadening the types of
proliferation activity that is subject to potential penalties. I am,
therefore, advising the Congress that the national emergency declared on
November 14, 1994, must continue in effect beyond November 14, 1998.
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Last revised 27 April 2000